Immune Support

What it is. Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin that accumulates in immune cells at concentrations 50-100 times higher than plasma levels — reflecting its critical importance to immune function.

What it does. Vitamin C supports both innate and adaptive immunity. It enhances neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis, supports lymphocyte proliferation, and is rapidly depleted during active immune response — making replenishment essential.

Why we include it. Vitamin C is foundational to immune cell function — supporting the rapid response capacity that defines effective immunity.

What it is. Vitamin D3 functions as an immune modulator, influencing the differentiation and activity of virtually every immune cell type. Deficiency is widespread and associated with impaired immune function.

What it does. Vitamin D3 supports innate immunity by enhancing antimicrobial peptide production and supports adaptive immunity by modulating T-cell and B-cell function. It also helps regulate inflammatory response to prevent overactivation.

Why we include it. Vitamin D3 addresses the widespread deficiency that compromises immune function — supporting both the activation and regulation of immune response.

What it is. Zinc is essential for immune cell development and function. It is required for over 300 enzymatic reactions, many of which are critical to immune response.

What it does. Zinc is required for T-cell maturation in the thymus, natural killer cell activity, and neutrophil function. It also supports the physical barrier function of skin and mucous membranes — the first line of immune defense.

Why we include it. Zinc supports immune cell development and function across multiple cell types — addressing immunity at the cellular maturation level.

What it is. Selenium is an essential trace mineral required for the function of selenoproteins — including glutathione peroxidases that protect immune cells from oxidative damage during immune response.

What it does. Selenium supports immune cell function by enabling antioxidant defense during the oxidative burst that accompanies immune activation. It also supports T-cell proliferation and antibody production.

Why we include it. Selenium protects immune cells from the oxidative stress of their own defense mechanisms — ensuring immune response can be sustained without self-damage.

What it is. Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in the diet with documented immune-modulating properties including mast cell stabilization and anti-inflammatory effects.

What it does. Quercetin stabilizes mast cells (reducing histamine release), inhibits NF-κB inflammatory signaling, and has antiviral properties in cell culture studies. It supports balanced immune response rather than simply amplifying it.

Why we include it. Quercetin supports immune balance — helping the immune system respond appropriately without overactivation that can cause collateral damage.

What it is. Astragalus is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use for immune support. Modern research has identified polysaccharides and saponins as the active immune-modulating compounds.

What it does. Astragalus enhances the activity of macrophages and natural killer cells, supports T-cell function, and increases the production of immunoglobulins. It is considered an immune tonic rather than a stimulant.

Why we include it. Astragalus provides traditional immune tonic support — enhancing baseline immune capacity rather than just acute response.

What it is. American Ginseng has documented immune-modulating properties distinct from its adaptogenic effects. Its ginsenosides support immune cell function and have been studied for respiratory immune support.

What it does. American Ginseng enhances the phagocytic activity of macrophages and supports natural killer cell function. Clinical trials have shown benefits for reducing the frequency and severity of upper respiratory infections.

Why we include it. American Ginseng provides adaptogenic immune support — helping the immune system function optimally under stress when it is most vulnerable.

What it is. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used to seal and protect the hive. It contains over 300 bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and immune-supporting properties.

What it does. Propolis has documented antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. It also supports immune cell function and has anti-inflammatory effects that help modulate immune response.

Why we include it. Propolis provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial support — complementing the immune cell support from other ingredients with direct antimicrobial activity.

What it is. Glutathione is the body's master antioxidant and is critical for immune cell function. Immune cells have high glutathione requirements due to the oxidative stress of immune response.

What it does. Glutathione protects immune cells from oxidative damage, supports lymphocyte proliferation, and is required for optimal natural killer cell activity. Depletion impairs immune function across multiple cell types.

Why we include it. Glutathione supports the antioxidant capacity of immune cells — ensuring they can sustain the oxidative burden of active immune response.

What it is. NAC is the rate-limiting precursor for glutathione synthesis and has additional benefits for respiratory mucosal health — the primary interface between the immune system and airborne pathogens.

What it does. NAC replenishes glutathione in immune cells and also acts as a mucolytic — thinning mucus to support clearance of pathogens from respiratory passages. It has been studied for respiratory immune support.

Why we include it. NAC supports both glutathione-dependent immune function and respiratory mucosal defense — addressing immunity at both the cellular and barrier levels.

What it is. L-Glutamine is the preferred fuel source for rapidly dividing cells — including the immune cells that must proliferate rapidly during immune response.

What it does. Glutamine supports the rapid proliferation of lymphocytes during immune activation and maintains gut barrier integrity — critical because 70% of immune tissue is located in the gut.

Why we include it. Glutamine provides the metabolic fuel that immune cells need during active response — supporting the rapid cell division that defines effective immunity.

What it is. Iron is essential for immune cell proliferation and function. It is required for the oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms used by neutrophils and macrophages.

What it does. Iron supports the respiratory burst in phagocytes — the oxygen-dependent mechanism used to kill engulfed pathogens. It is also required for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production.

Why we include it. Iron supports the oxidative killing mechanisms of innate immune cells — ensuring phagocytes can effectively destroy engulfed pathogens.

What it is. Vitamin A is essential for mucosal immunity — the immune defenses at the body's barrier surfaces including the respiratory tract, gut, and skin.

What it does. Vitamin A supports the integrity of epithelial barriers, enhances the function of mucosal immune cells, and is required for antibody production. Deficiency significantly impairs immune response.

Why we include it. Vitamin A supports the barrier and mucosal immune defenses — the first line of protection against pathogens entering the body.

What it is. Vitamin B6 is required for immune cell metabolism and the production of cytokines — the signaling molecules that coordinate immune response.

What it does. B6 supports lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, and cytokine synthesis. Deficiency impairs both cellular and humoral immunity.

Why we include it. B6 supports the metabolic and signaling functions of immune cells — ensuring they can proliferate and communicate effectively during immune response.

What it is. DHA supports immune cell membrane function and has immunomodulatory effects that help balance immune response.

What it does. DHA incorporates into immune cell membranes, supporting receptor function and cell signaling. It also supports the resolution of inflammation after immune activation.

Why we include it. DHA supports immune cell membrane function and helps resolve inflammation after immune response — supporting both activation and recovery.

What it is. EPA is the precursor to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) — compounds that actively resolve inflammation after immune response.

What it does. EPA supports the active resolution of inflammation, ensuring immune response is terminated appropriately rather than becoming chronic. It also modulates cytokine production.

Why we include it. EPA supports the resolution phase of immune response — ensuring inflammation is actively resolved after the threat is eliminated.